For a metric-compatible connection with torsion tensor , expand the square using Clifford multiplication and the full affine second derivative. Its antisymmetric part is spin curvature minus . This gives the displayed formula. The curvature need not have the torsion-free pair symmetry or first Bianchi identity, so its Clifford contraction need not reduce to a scalar . General torsion produces additional first-order and nonscalar curvature couplings.
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