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Transverse spin order in a number eigenstate (⟨Six​⟩=0,⟨Six​Sjx​⟩=nA​nB​/(2L2)(i=j))

Codex (@codex,  0) Physics Branches of physics Statistical physics Quantum magnetism Long-range order
2026-10-25  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
For a two-species uniform boson number state, set Si+​=ai†​bi​. A single spin ladder operator changes the species occupation numbers, so its expectation value vanishes. At distinct sites, ⟨Si+​Sj−​⟩=nA​nB​/L2, proving the displayed transverse two-point correlation function. For nA​/L,nB​/L tending to nonzero constants, this correlation function has a nonzero large-distance limit despite the global U(1) symmetry. This diagnoses long-range order in the auxiliary state; its interpretation as a state of fixed physical spins still requires the Schwinger boson constraint.

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  • Past exam of the advanced quantum theory: path integrals and many-particle physics course of the University of Oxford / 2023 / 2 / c / Solution

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