Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 133 4 b Solution 2026-09-28
The defining formulas imply the matching-distance identitiesFor example,and the other two follow cyclically. Thus are the tripod points of a geodesic triangle.
By the thin geodesic triangle condition, lies within of some point on or . If , then the triangle inequality givesSince is the point of at distance from , the geodesic parametrization gives , and hence . If instead , comparison of distances from gives .
Applying the same argument cyclically, each of lies within of at least one of the other two. The graph on these three points whose edges join pairs at distance at most therefore has no isolated vertex, so it is connected. Any two vertices are joined by at most two edges, and the triangle inequality yields