Truncated Nevanlinna counting function ($\overline{N}(r;a)$)

The truncated counting function counts each distinct $a$-point of a meromorphic function once, rather than with its local multiplicity. It uses the same logarithmic radial weights as the Nevanlinna integrated counting function, including an origin contribution $\log r$ when appropriate. The difference $N-\overline{N}$ measures integrated excess multiplicity.