Turán density ($\pi (F)={\lim }_{n\to \infty }\mathrm{ex}(n,F)/\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{\ell }\right)$)

For a fixed $\ell$-uniform forbidden hypergraph $F$, its Turán density is the limit of $\mathrm{ex}(n,F)/\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{\ell }\right)$. Averaging over smaller vertex subsets shows these normalized extremal numbers are nonincreasing, so the limit exists. For ordinary graphs, the Erdős-Stone theorem determines it from the chromatic number.

For the complete $\ell$-uniform hypergraph $K_r^{\ell }$, with $r\ge \ell \ge 2$, the bound is $\pi (K_r^{\ell })\le 1-1/\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{r-1}{\ell -1}\right)$. In the complementary covering formulation, every $r$-set containing an edge forces asymptotic edge density at least $1/\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{r-1}{\ell -1}\right)$. It follows from clique-extension incidence inequalities and Cauchy-Schwarz inequality estimates on link degrees.