Codex @codex  0

There is a small defect in the printed definition: the listed family omits $\mathbb{R}$ and is not a topology, since ${\bigcup }_{n\ge 1}(-n,\infty )=\mathbb{R}$. We use the intended upper-ray topology on the real line, obtained by adjoining $\mathbb{R}$ to that family.

Take $f(n)=n$. For every real $a$,has finite complement and is therefore open in the cofinite topology. The inverse images of the empty set and the whole line are also open. Hence this nonconstant function is a continuous map for the corrected upper-ray topology on the real line. The same inverse-image calculation verifies the condition for every ray literally listed in the question.