The Voyager plasma-wave instrument measures fluctuating electric fields associated with plasma waves. Its original design combines a multichannel spectrum analyser with a wideband waveform receiver, making both frequency content and selected time-domain waveforms available.[ref]
A Plasma Wave Investigation for the Voyager Mission (1977). Original1977 instrument paper, system overview
When an observed feature is identified with electron plasma oscillations, its frequency constrains electron number density through . Thus a fourfold density increase doubles the characteristic frequency. Wave identification, instrument calibration and the surrounding plasma conditions enter the inference. On Voyager 1, such measurements have provided local information about plasma beyond the heliopause.[ref]
https://space.physics.uiowa.edu/~dag/publications/2013_InSituObservationsOfInterstellarPlasmaWaveVoyager_Science.pdf. Primary interstellar-plasma observations, frequency-derived density
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