Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2006 iii Paper 69 2 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let . The nonlinear term has two perpendicular spatial derivatives, so its rate relative to the fluctuation amplitude isThe wave period from part (a), using , is . A weak wave cascade requires that one interaction change a packet only slightly:For interactions with decorrelated phases, successive fractional changes accumulate as a random walk. An order-one change needs , givingConstant energy flux per unit mass then gives , henceThe weak electron-magnetohydrodynamic cascade scaling uses both locality in scale and the decorrelation assumption; a small amplitude by itself does not specify the cascade time.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2006 iii Paper 69 2 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For an isotropic weak electron-magnetohydrodynamic cascade, set . Part (b) gives . With the one-dimensional shell convention for the magnetic energy spectrum, fluctuations on scale satisfy up to normalization constants. ThereforeThis is the shell-integrated spectrum. The three-dimensional spectral tensor coefficient has two additional powers of and scales as . These exponents apply within the assumed local, weak cascade range.