William D. Marslen-Wilson investigated the time course of spoken word recognition. Work with Alan Welsh helped develop the cohort model: early sounds make several words plausible, and subsequent evidence constrains that lexical cohort.[ref]
Processing interactions and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech by William D. Marslen-Wilson and Alan Welsh. 1978, cohort account and experimental introduction
Their experiments manipulated pronunciation within continuous speech rather than presenting only isolated written words. This made the timing of incoming information part of the question. A model can explain a listener's eventual correct answer yet still fail to explain how context and partial speech influence the response while the word unfolds.[ref]
William D. Marslen-Wilson
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