 Allopatric speciation

Allopatric speciation is a biological process through which new species arise due to geographical isolation. In this form of speciation, populations of a single species become separated by a physical barrier, such as mountains, rivers, or distances, which prevents them from interbreeding. Over time, the isolated populations experience different environmental pressures and selective forces. This can lead to genetic divergence as mutations accumulate and natural selection, genetic drift, or other evolutionary processes act differently on the two groups.