 Block cipher mode of operation

Block cipher modes of operation are techniques that enhance the security and functionality of block ciphers, which are encryption algorithms that operate on fixed-size blocks of data (typically 64 or 128 bits at a time). Since block ciphers can only process data in fixed-size chunks, modes of operation are used to define how to encrypt data larger than the block size and to provide various security properties. There are several common modes of operation, each with its own use cases, advantages, and disadvantages.