Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are highly energetic and dynamic structures that form around pulsars, which are rapidly rotating neutron stars emitting beams of radiation, including X-rays and gamma rays. When a pulsar is born from the supernova explosion of a massive star, it can generate a significant outflow of charged particles, known as the pulsar wind. This wind consists mainly of electrons and positrons, and it moves outward at nearly the speed of light.
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