 Spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS), also known as pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) or spark plasma sintering, is a solid-state processing technique used to consolidate powder materials into dense bulk solids. It is particularly effective for ceramics, metals, and composite materials. The process involves the application of an electric current and mechanical pressure to the powder material, leading to rapid densification and relatively low sintering temperatures compared to traditional sintering methods.