Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) refers to a type of vacuum that has an extremely low pressure, typically in the range of \(10^{-9}\) to \(10^{-12}\) torr (or equivalent pressures in pascals, around \(10^{-7}\) to \(10^{-10}\) pascals). This level of vacuum is significantly lower than high vacuum, which generally ranges from \(10^{-7}\) to \(10^{-3}\) torr.
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