Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 35

Specifies fixed values.

Can be used for elliptic partial differential equations and parabolic partial differential equations.

Numerical examples:

One of the biotechnology superstars of the 2000's/2010's.

Manuals: si.shimano.com/

This technique is crazy! It allows to both:You actually see discrete peaks at different minute counts on the other end.

It is based on how much the gas interacts with the column.

Detection is usually done burning the sample to ionize it when it comes out, and then you measure the current produced.

The procedure remind you a bit of gel electrophoresis, except that it is in gaseous phase.

Looking at most astronomical object through a telescope is boring because you only see a white ball or point every time. Such targets would likely only be interesting with spectroscopy analysis.

There are however some objects that you can see the structure of even with an amateur telescope, and that makes them very exciting.

Some good ones:

Bibliography:

Sometimes mathematicians go a little overboard with their naming.

Bibliography:

The problem with virtually all sleeping masks on the market is that they leave a lot of room near your nose for light to come in.

Ciro Santilli discovered a useful workaround for that: make the mask tighter with a swimming goggles!

Just make the goggles as loose as possible to not put pressure on your eyes, and then strap them over the sleeping mask.

If you are a back sleeper, put the googles forward as normal. If you are a stomach sleeper, put the googles on the back of your head, and the straps over the mask. This way you wont get your head squished by the goggles and the bed.

Once Ciro understood the idea, Googling "swimming googles sleeping mask" led to: mantasleep.uk/ might be a good option.

Another good Google is "sleeping mask blackout".

As of 2022 visible at: www.nature.com/scitable

Apparently they had a separate URL as just scitable.com, so they were somewhat serious about it before shutting it down.

As of 2022 marked:RIP.

www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/ has last entry 2015, so presumably that's the shutdown year.

Self description:so quite related to OurBigBook.com.

This is basically what Jimmy Wales had originally set out to make Wikipedia, a peer reviewed thing.

But then he noticed the entry barrier was too high while inviding an economist to review an article he wrote, and just made the more open thing instead.

Poor countries don't have a lot of money.

Therefore, you have to pick a few key the next big thing deep tech bets, and invest on those enough.

These have to be few, because your country is poor, and so you can't invest on everything.

Therefore, the bets have to be well selected, because it is useless to make several insufficient investments: you have to pick a few ones, and put enough time and money into each one of them for them to stand any chance. These bets should be made and reevaluated on 5/10 year horizons.

The key things that you have to select are:

And then you only tax those companies heavily when the start to bring in real money. These are startups remember! You only need 5 unicorns a year to call it a success. And countries should not be greedy and invest through equity, but rather recoup their investment through taxation alone.

Ciro's second removed uncle, who was a physicist at the University of Campinas, one of the best universities in the country, told him an anecdote. He had moved from fusion energy research to solar cell research. At some point, there was a research lab that needed 10 million to buy a machinery critical for their experiment. They asked and asked, and finally the government gave them only 2 million. So in the end they spent those 2 million in random ways, but of course did not achieve their research goal and no money came out of it.

He also explained how as a result of the insufficient investments, he felt clearly that some of the semiconductor production facilities related to solar power he saw simply were not able to control the production process adequately to produce consistent silicon. As a result, everything failed sooner or later as people found more and more bugs that they did not have the time to solve.

Another key investment is enticing back experienced exchange-students who have learnt new techniques to be heads of laboratory/founders to back in your country.

A fantastic initiative from Brazil for example is BRASA, which aims to put together Brazilian exchange students to make a difference back in Brazil.

Do not try to forbid external companies from selling in your country. Instead, fund your own companies to be able to fight the external market off. And if they can't, let them die and pick a different bet. Video "How Taiwan Created TSMC by Asianometry (2020)" has a good mention. Protectionism is something that Brazil notably tried to do, and look at what it led, not a single international success.