Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

When do I get the solutions to the problems on the problem sets?
When you discover them for yourself: on your own or collaborating with other students. Returning students and counsellors and faculty will support and encourage you, but not by giving you the answers (hint: they don't even give hints). What PROMYS Europe does is offer you the tools and structure to enable you to be a creative mathematician.

and:

What rules are there at PROMYS Europe?
They're mostly the ones you'd expect: don't do anything dangerous or illegal, don't divide by zero, don't even try to skip Friday Fun, and don't give anyone solutions to the problem sets (though collaboration is definitely OK).

It does not seem to be the case for the American version however after a quick look: promys.org/programs/promys/for-students/faq/. Sad to see.

Also participants are strongly forbidden from sharing the problem sheets with anyone from outside the program. Ciro Santilli asked a participant face to face if he could take a look, but was told that they are not allowed to share it. So it is a very clear and strict order. Truly sad.

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History of fiber optics by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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Bibliography:

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Fiber-optic communication by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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Optical amplifier by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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These are closely related to lasers, as they do a similar basic job: take a DC source as input and amplify light. Lasers just happen to use the input voltage to also generate the incoming light.

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GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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Oxford past exam paper by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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They are apparently provided upon request as per various whatdotheyknow.com links, so it is quite stupid that they don't just publicly provide them therefore.

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List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic sofware by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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Undecidability requires infinitely many inputs by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-05-23  +Created 2024-07-12

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If there are infinitely many inputs, we can always construct a (potentially exponentially huge) Turing machine that hardcodes the outcome for every possible input, so the problem is never undecidable.

The problem is of course deciding and proving the outcome for each possible input, notably as it is possible that calculation for some of the inputs may be independent from ZFC.

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Quasilinear time by