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Landolt–Börnstein is a comprehensive series of reference works that provide data on the physical and chemical properties of materials. It is published by Springer and is part of the "New Series" of Landolt–Börnstein, which has its roots in earlier works initiated by Hans Landolt and Richard Börnstein in the early 20th century.

The Larson–Miller relation is an empirical relationship used in materials science and engineering to estimate the high-temperature creep life of a material, particularly metals and alloys. It is particularly useful in predicting the time-to-fracture under conditions of both high temperature and stress.

The Lever Rule is a principle used in materials science and thermodynamics to determine the relative amounts of different phases in a two-phase system at equilibrium. It is particularly useful in the context of phase diagrams, such as binary alloy phase diagrams, where two phases coexist at a specific temperature and composition. The basic idea of the Lever Rule is based on the balance of masses between the two phases. When two phases are present, their compositions can be determined from the phase diagram.

Martian regolith simulant is a synthetic material designed to mimic the physical and chemical properties of the surface soil found on Mars, known as Martian regolith. Scientists and researchers create these simulants to facilitate experiments and studies in various fields such as planetary science, astrobiology, and engineering for future Mars missions.

NASLA typically refers to the National Association of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies. This organization focuses on providing support, resources, and advocacy for law enforcement agencies across the United States. It works to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement through training, research, and community engagement initiatives.

Necking in engineering refers to a phenomenon that occurs during the deformation of materials, particularly in ductile materials like metals, under tensile stress. When a material is stretched beyond its yield strength, it begins to deform plastically. As the material is pulled, it may eventually reach a point where localized deformation occurs, leading to a reduction in cross-sectional area in a specific region. This localized thinning is known as necking.

The phase-field model is a mathematical and computational framework used to describe the evolution of interfaces and the microstructural dynamics of materials. This concept is particularly prominent in materials science, fluid dynamics, and biological applications. The phase-field method allows for the modeling of complex phenomena involving phase transitions, such as solidification, grain growth, and fracture, by using a continuous field variable (the phase field) to represent different phases of the material.

A Maxwell material is a type of viscoelastic material that exhibits both viscous and elastic behavior when subjected to deformation. It is named after the physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who developed a model to describe the complex behavior of materials that do not deform purely elastically (like rubber) or purely viscously (like honey).

Mesocrystals are a class of materials that are characterized by the ordered arrangement of nanoscale building blocks, typically formed by the self-assembly of nanoparticles. Unlike traditional crystals, which have a periodic arrangement of atoms or molecules throughout their entire structure, mesocrystals exhibit a hierarchical organization. This means that they consist of smaller crystallites or nanoparticles that are themselves ordered, but the overall arrangement can exhibit different properties compared to a single crystalline solid.

Hiroshi Ishii is a prominent computer scientist and researcher known for his work in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI) and tangible user interfaces. He is a professor at the MIT Media Lab and has made significant contributions to the development of innovative interaction techniques that integrate physical objects with digital information. Ishii is perhaps best known for his work on "Tangible Bits," a concept that emphasizes the use of physical representations of digital information to enhance user interaction.

Microstructure refers to the structure of a material that is observed at a microscopic scale, typically ranging from about 1 nanometer to several millimeters. It encompasses the arrangement of particles, grains, phases, and other internal features that can influence a material's properties and behavior. In materials science and engineering, analyzing microstructure is crucial because it significantly affects mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties.

A miscibility gap refers to a specific range of temperatures and compositions in which two or more substances, typically liquids, are partially or completely immiscible, meaning they do not fully mix. Within this gap, the components can exist simultaneously in two distinct phases rather than forming a homogeneous solution. This phenomenon often occurs due to differences in polarity, molecular structure, or other chemical properties of the components involved.

Rigidity theory in physics is a concept that deals with the structural stability and deformation characteristics of materials and systems. It encompasses the study of how rigid bodies behave under applied forces and moments, as well as how they maintain their shape and resist changes in configuration. ### Key Aspects of Rigidity Theory: 1. **Rigid Bodies**: In classical mechanics, a rigid body is an idealization that assumes an object does not deform under stress.

**Nanoscale** is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Nanoscale covers a wide range of topics related to nanoscale materials, their characterization, and their applications in various fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and engineering.

Iridescence is a phenomenon in which the color of a surface changes when viewed from different angles. This effect occurs due to the interference of light waves reflected from multiple layers of a material, such as the surface of soap bubbles, peacock feathers, or certain types of opal and abalone shells. The varying thickness of these layers causes different wavelengths of light to be reflected more strongly at particular angles, creating a shifting spectrum of colors.

Gong Zutong is a term that refers to a type of traditional Chinese woodblock printing technique. The phrase can literally translate to "official printing" or “government printing”. It typically involves printing techniques used for producing official documents, texts, or sometimes cultural items that hold significance within Chinese history and art. In the context of Chinese culture, woodblock printing has been used for centuries to reproduce texts and images, contributing significantly to the dissemination of literature, art, and religious texts.

The Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing (CAS) is a research institution typically associated with higher education institutions and is focused on the fields of astrophysics, cosmology, and computational astrophysics. Such centers are dedicated to advancing our understanding of the universe through theoretical, observational, and computational techniques. Researchers at these centers often work on a variety of topics, including the study of galaxies, stars, black holes, dark matter, and the evolution of the universe.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) refers to fine particles (aerosols) that form in the atmosphere from the gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds. These organic compounds, which can originate from both anthropogenic (human-made) and biogenic (natural) sources, undergo chemical reactions when they react with oxidizing agents, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) or ozone (O3).

Paratransit services are transportation options designed to assist individuals who are unable to use regular public transit due to disabilities, age, or other special needs. These services are typically more flexible than standard public transportation and may include: 1. **Demand-Responsive Services**: Unlike fixed-route transit, paratransit often allows riders to book trips based on their needs. Transportation providers adjust routes and schedules based on individual requests.

J. Eliot B. Moss is a notable academic and researcher, primarily recognized for his contributions to the fields of computer science and artificial intelligence. He has been involved in various research projects, particularly in the areas related to programming languages, software development, and computer security. If you are referring to a specific work, publication, or context regarding J. Eliot B.