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FHI-aims (Fritz Haber Institute Ab-initio Molecular Simulations) is a computational software package designed for performing quantum mechanical calculations of molecular and solid-state systems. It is particularly focused on simulations using density functional theory (DFT), a widely used computational method in chemistry and materials science for studying the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and condensed matter systems.

Mobile payments refer to a financial transaction that is conducted through a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet. This form of payment allows consumers to make purchases, transfer money, or settle bills using mobile applications or digital wallets.

A free-piston linear generator is an advanced type of power generation device that converts linear motion into electrical energy without the need for a traditional crankshaft mechanism. Here’s a breakdown of how it works and its components: ### Key Components: 1. **Piston**: Instead of being constrained to the traditional rotary motion of a crankshaft, the piston moves freely within a cylinder. This motion can be driven by an external energy source or combustion.

General topology, also known simply as topology, is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations. It provides the foundational language and concepts for many areas of mathematics by introducing notions such as continuity, compactness, connectedness, and convergence without relying on the traditional metrics of distance from geometry. Key concepts in general topology include: 1. **Topological Spaces**: A set equipped with a collection of open subsets that satisfy certain axioms.

Magnetic translation is a concept from the field of condensed matter physics, particularly in the study of magnetic materials and their properties. It refers to a type of symmetry operation that combines the translations of a system with the effects of a magnetic field. This concept is particularly relevant when discussing systems that exhibit magnetic order, such as antiferromagnets or ferromagnets.

Peter E. Hart is a computer scientist and a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. He is best known for his work on algorithms related to pattern recognition and the development of the A* search algorithm, which is widely used in pathfinding and graph traversal. Alongside Nils Nilsson and Bertram Raphael, Hart contributed significantly to the advancement of AI through his research and publications.

Bernd J. Kröger is a prominent physicist known for his work in condensed matter physics, materials science, and nanotechnology. His research often focuses on the fundamental properties of materials at the atomic and molecular levels.

Social choice theory is a theoretical framework that explores how individuals' preferences can be aggregated to make collective decisions. It encompasses a variety of methods and principles for assessing and determining the best course of action in situations where multiple individuals have differing preferences, needs, or choices. Key aspects of social choice theory include: 1. **Voting Systems**: The study of various electoral systems and how they influence the outcomes of elections. This includes methods such as plurality voting, ranked-choice voting, and others.

Stopping power generally refers to the ability of a material to slow down or stop a projectile, such as a bullet or a particle, as it passes through the material. The concept is used in various fields, including physics, materials science, and ballistics, and can refer to different scenarios depending on the context. 1. **In Particle Physics**: Stopping power refers to the energy loss of charged particles (like electrons or ions) as they travel through matter.

The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra (ELA) is an academic journal that publishes research articles, reviews, and other types of content focused on the field of linear algebra and its applications. The journal often features work that includes theoretical developments, computational methods, and applications of linear algebra in various areas of mathematics and related fields. ELA is notable for being an open-access journal, meaning that its content is freely available to the public, allowing researchers and practitioners to access the latest findings in linear algebra without subscription fees.

Bruno Thüring could refer to various individuals, but without further context, it's hard to pinpoint exactly who you might be referring to. One known figure by that name is a German physicist whose work may be cited in academic contexts.