"Articles containing proofs" typically refers to scholarly or academic articles that present formal proof for theorems or propositions in various fields, such as mathematics, computer science, logic, and statistics. These articles usually include a detailed explanation of the problem being addressed, the methodology used, and step-by-step reasoning leading to the conclusion.
Belarusian biophysicists are scientists from Belarus who specialize in biophysics, a field that combines principles and methods from physics with biological systems. This interdisciplinary area of study focuses on understanding the physical principles underlying biological processes, including areas like molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry. Research conducted by Belarusian biophysicists may involve studying the structures and functions of biomolecules, the mechanics of cells, or the interactions between biological systems and physical forces.
Swapan Chattopadhyay is a prominent figure in the field of nuclear science and engineering, particularly known for his contributions to accelerator physics. He has been involved in various research projects related to particle accelerators and their applications in science and medicine. Chattopadhyay has also held academic and administrative positions at various institutions, promoting research and education in the nuclear sciences.
The history of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is a fascinating journey through computer science, mathematics, and neuroscience. Here's an overview of its evolution: ### 1940s: Early Concepts - **1943**: Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts published a paper titled "A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity," which proposed a mathematical model of neurons and how they could be connected to perform logical functions.
The Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism is a mathematical framework used in the field of General Relativity and theoretical physics to study the properties of spacetime and gravitational fields. Developed by physicists Ezra Newman and Roger Penrose in the 1960s, this formalism is particularly useful for analyzing asymptotically flat spacetimes, such as those found in models of gravitational radiation and black hole physics.
"Up tack" is a term used primarily in the context of the navigation and sailing world. It refers to the action of sailing a vessel towards the wind, allowing it to make progress in a generally forward direction by changing its direction to an angle that is slightly off from the wind's origin. In sailing, going "up tack" means that the boat is sailing as close to the wind as possible without "taking the wind," or stalling out.
V. Balakrishnan is an Indian physicist known for his work in theoretical and condensed matter physics. He has made significant contributions to various areas of physics, including statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and nonlinear dynamics. His research often involves the application of mathematical methods to solve complex physical problems. Balakrishnan has been involved in both teaching and research, and he has published numerous papers in scientific journals.
Janine Connes is a prominent French mathematician known for her contributions to functional analysis, noncommutative geometry, and mathematical physics. She has made significant advances in the study of operator algebras and has worked extensively on the theory of von Neumann algebras and their applications. Connes is well-known for her work related to the spectral properties of operators and has received numerous awards for her research. She is also recognized for her efforts to promote mathematics and mathematics education.
Uniform tilings, also known as uniform tessellations or regular tessellations, refer to a way of dividing a surface into shapes (tiles) where the tiles are regular polygons, and the arrangement is uniform across the surface. Lists of uniform tilings can be categorized based on the type of surface: the sphere, the plane, and the hyperbolic plane. ### 1.