The Hans Hass Award is an accolade named after the renowned Austrian biologist, oceanographer, and underwater filmmaker Hans Hass, who made significant contributions to marine research and underwater exploration. The award is typically given in recognition of outstanding achievements in the field of marine science, underwater photography, or related disciplines. Established to honor Hass's legacy, it aims to promote awareness and conservation of marine environments.
The African Journal of Marine Science (AJMS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research related to marine science in the African context. It covers a wide range of topics including marine biology, oceanography, fisheries science, marine ecology, conservation, and environmental management. The journal aims to promote the dissemination of knowledge about marine environments and resources in Africa, addressing both scientific research and practical applications relevant to the continent's coastal and marine ecosystems.
The **Annual Review of Marine Science** is a scholarly journal that publishes comprehensive review articles covering various aspects of marine science. It is part of a series of annual reviews that aim to synthesize current research and developments in specific scientific fields. The focus of the Annual Review of Marine Science includes topics such as marine ecology, oceanography, marine biology, and the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems. The articles in this journal are typically written by experts in the field and undergo a rigorous peer-review process.
Polar science is an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the polar regions of the Earth, including the Arctic and Antarctic. It encompasses a broad range of scientific disciplines, including but not limited to: 1. **Glaciology**: The study of glaciers and ice sheets, including their dynamics, formation, and the effects of climate change on ice masses.
Negative vote weight typically refers to a voting system where votes can have negative values, impacting the overall outcome in a way that may penalize or diminish the influence of certain options or candidates. This concept is often used in specific types of decision-making processes, sociopolitical voting systems, or algorithms. ### Applications and Examples: 1. **Consensus Building**: In some collaborative environments, group members might express their disapproval of certain proposals by assigning negative votes, effectively reducing the proposal's overall score.
The Tournament solution is a concept from cooperative game theory, particularly related to the assignment of value to players in a cooperative game. It is designed to address situations where players may form coalitions and collaborate to achieve better outcomes collectively than they could alone. In the context of cooperative games, the Tournament solution is often associated with scenarios where players can compete against one another in a tournament-like structure, and it involves determining how to fairly allocate resources or payoffs based on the outcomes of these competitions.
Virtual representation is a concept that emerged during the 18th century, particularly in the context of British governance and American colonial relations. It refers to the idea that the interests of colonists—who did not have direct representation in the British Parliament—were adequately represented by the members of Parliament, who were believed to represent the interests of all British subjects, regardless of their geographic location.
The Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) is a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. It is responsible for conducting research to understand the atmosphere and oceans, which includes studying weather, climate, and oceanic conditions. OAR plays a critical role in advancing scientific knowledge and understanding of complex environmental systems, and its work contributes to improving weather forecasts, climate predictions, and ocean monitoring.
The Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) is a research facility operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. Located in Seattle, Washington, PMEL's primary focus is on studying oceanographic and atmospheric processes, particularly those related to climate and environmental changes.
Waikīkī Aquarium is a public aquarium located in Waikīkī, Honolulu, Hawaii. Established in 1904, it is one of the oldest aquariums in the United States and is noted for its focus on the marine life of the Pacific Ocean. The aquarium is affiliated with the University of Hawaii and plays a significant role in marine research, education, and conservation efforts.
Wee Wee Caye Marine Lab, often referred to as Wee Wee Caye, is a marine research facility located on Wee Wee Caye, a small island off the coast of Belize. The lab is primarily associated with the study of marine biology and ecology, focusing on the diverse marine environments of the Belize Barrier Reef, which is one of the largest coral reef systems in the world.
The Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) is a regional organization focused on promoting and enhancing marine science and research in the Western Indian Ocean region. Established in 1993, WIOMSA aims to foster collaboration among marine scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in marine and coastal resource management. Key objectives of WIOMSA include: 1. **Research Promotion**: Encouraging scientific research on marine and coastal ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean region.
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) is a private, nonprofit research and educational organization located in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Founded in 1930, WHOI is one of the world's leading institutions in ocean research, exploration, and education. The institution focuses on various aspects of oceanography, including physical, biological, chemical, geological, and marine engineering sciences.
The Labrador Current is a cold oceanic current that flows southward along the coast of Labrador, Canada, and into the North Atlantic Ocean. It originates from the Arctic Ocean and is part of the larger system of currents in the North Atlantic. The current is produced by the mixing of cold waters from the Arctic region, primarily from the Labrador Sea, with warmer waters from the Gulf Stream. The Labrador Current plays a significant role in the climate and marine ecosystem of the region.
Seamounts are underwater mountains that rise from the ocean floor but do not reach the water's surface. They are typically formed by volcanic activity and can be found in various ocean basins around the world. Geologists study seamounts to understand their formation, geological history, and the ecosystems they support.
The Paradox of Voting, also known as Downs' Paradox or the paradox of the rational voter, refers to a situation in which rational, self-interested individuals do not participate in an election or vote, even though they believe that their vote could make a difference. This concept was notably discussed by economist Anthony Downs in his book "An Economic Theory of Democracy.
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography is a renowned research institution located in La Jolla, California, and is part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Established in 1903, Scripps is one of the oldest and most prestigious centers for ocean and earth science research in the world. It conducts extensive research in various fields, including oceanography, marine biology, climate science, geophysics, and atmospheric science.
The Sea Education Association (SEA) is a non-profit organization based in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, focused on ocean education and research. Founded in 1971, SEA offers experiential learning programs that combine sailing and oceanography for students and educators. The organization operates tall sailing vessels and provides hands-on educational opportunities related to marine science, maritime skills, and environmental stewardship.
The Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, officially known as the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, is a prominent research institution located in Moscow, Russia. It is part of the Russian Academy of Sciences and focuses on oceanographic research, including marine biology, physical oceanography, geological processes in the ocean, and the study of marine ecosystems. The institute is named after the Russian oceanographer P.P. Shirshov, who made significant contributions to the field.
The Skidaway Institute of Oceanography is a research institution located in Savannah, Georgia, dedicated to the study of marine sciences and oceanography. It is part of the University System of Georgia and operates under the auspices of the University of Georgia. The institute focuses on various aspects of ocean science, including biological, physical, chemical, and geological oceanography.