A session key is a temporary encryption key used to encrypt and decrypt information exchanged during a single communication session between two parties. This method ensures that each session has its own unique key, which helps enhance security. Session keys are primarily used in various cryptographic protocols, including Transport Layer Security (TLS), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and other secure communication systems.
The Gibbons–Hawking–York (GHY) boundary term is an important concept in the context of general relativity and gravitational action principles, particularly when dealing with the Einstein-Hilbert action, which describes the dynamics of gravity.
Elastix is a widely used software package for medical image registration. It is mainly focused on the registration of 3D images, although it can also handle 2D images. Image registration is the process of aligning two or more images of the same scene or object taken at different times, from different viewpoints, or by different sensors, so that they can be compared or analyzed together.
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (FEC) is a landmark Supreme Court case decided in 2010 that significantly changed the landscape of campaign finance in the United States. The case arose from a dispute regarding the application of campaign finance laws to a documentary film produced by the nonprofit organization Citizens United, which criticized then-Senator Hillary Clinton during the 2008 presidential election.
The phrase "Justice delayed is justice denied" suggests that if justice is not delivered in a timely manner, it effectively becomes meaningless. This concept highlights the importance of providing prompt legal resolutions and ensuring that individuals have access to a fair and efficient judicial process. Delays in legal proceedings can undermine faith in the justice system, harm victims, and allow injustices to persist.
Roe v. Wade is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court, decided on January 22, 1973. The case established a woman's legal right to have an abortion under the constitutional right to privacy. It was brought by "Jane Roe," a pseudonym for Norma McCorvey, who challenged Texas laws that criminalized most abortions.
The Atiyah–Segal completion theorem is an important result in algebraic topology and representation theory, specifically in the context of stable homotopy theory and the study of equivariant stable homotopy types. In general, the theorem pertains to the completion of a space (or a category) in relation to certain types of groups (like finite groups), and it often deals with cohomology theories.
In medical imaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), "ghosting" refers to artifacts that appear as unwanted duplicate images or distortions in the final reconstructed image. These ghosting artifacts often manifest as repeated patterns or images that are out of alignment with the actual anatomical structures being imaged.
The Birch–Tate conjecture is a significant conjecture in the field of number theory, specifically regarding elliptic curves and their properties. It relates the arithmetic of elliptic curves defined over rational numbers to the behavior of certain L-functions associated with those curves.
A **circle bundle** is a specific type of fiber bundle in differential geometry, where the fibers are circles \( S^1 \).
The Milnor conjecture, proposed by John Milnor in the 1950s, is a statement in the field of algebraic topology, particularly concerning the nature of the relationship between the topology of smooth manifolds and algebraic invariants known as characteristic classes. The conjecture specifically relates to the Milnor's "h-cobordism" theorem and the properties of the "stable" smooth structures on high-dimensional manifolds.
The Kauri Museum is located in Matakohe, New Zealand, and is dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the history and significance of the kauri tree, a prominent native tree species in New Zealand. The museum showcases the cultural, historical, and ecological aspects of the kauri, as well as its economic importance, particularly in the timber and gum industries.
Mangatāwhiri is a small locality in New Zealand, situated in the Waikato region. It is located near the Hauraki Plains and serves as a rural community. The area is characterized by its agriculture and scenic landscapes, as well as its proximity to the broader Waikato region, which is known for its rich farming history and natural beauty. Mangatāwhiri is also notable for being near the convergence of various transport routes, making it accessible to neighboring towns and cities.
The Gordon–Luecke theorem is a result in the field of geometry and topology, specifically in the area concerning the classification of certain knots in three-dimensional space. The theorem establishes a criterion for determining when two nontrivial knots in \( S^3 \) (the three-dimensional sphere) are equivalent or can be transformed into one another through a process known as knot concordance.
Howard Sochurek was an influential American photographer and photojournalist, known for his work with Life magazine and his documentation of major events during the 20th century, particularly in the context of war and social issues. He covered significant historical moments, including the Vietnam War and various social movements. His photography captured the human experience and conditions of the time, contributing to the visual narrative of history.
INFINITT Healthcare is a company that specializes in healthcare IT solutions, particularly in the field of medical imaging and radiology. Founded in South Korea, INFINITT provides innovative software and systems designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare providers. Their products include PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System), RIS (Radiology Information System), and advanced imaging solutions for various medical specialties. The company focuses on creating integrated solutions that enhance workflow, facilitate collaboration among healthcare professionals, and improve patient outcomes.
Swedish bioinformaticians are researchers or professionals in Sweden who specialize in the field of bioinformatics, which combines biology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. Bioinformatics plays a crucial role in various areas of research, including genomics, proteomics, and systems biology, among others. In Sweden, there is a strong emphasis on research and innovation in life sciences, and many universities and research institutions foster bioinformatics research.
In mathematics, particularly in the fields of algebraic geometry and representation theory, the term "norm variety" has specific meanings depending on the context. However, without a specified context, it might refer to a couple of different concepts related to norms in algebraic settings or varieties in algebraic geometry. 1. **In Algebraic Geometry**: The notion of a "variety" often pertains to a geometric object defined as the solution set of polynomial equations.
The braid group is a mathematical structure that arises in the study of braids, which can be visualized as strands intertwined in a particular way. It is a fundamental concept in the fields of topology, algebra, and mathematical physics.
The Cyclic Surgery Theorem is a result in the field of topology, particularly in the study of 3-manifolds. It relates to the behavior of 3-manifolds under certain types of surgeries, which are operations that alter the topology of a manifold. More specifically, this theorem is often discussed in the context of hyperbolic 3-manifolds.