Fluorescence is a process in which a substance absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation and then re-emits light. Specifically, it refers to the emission of visible light by a substance that has absorbed ultraviolet or other high-energy radiation. The process usually occurs very quickly, typically within nanoseconds.
Benoît Godin is a French Canadian philosopher and researcher known for his work in the fields of science and technology studies, particularly focusing on the sociology of science and the philosophy of technology. He has contributed to the understanding of how scientific knowledge is constructed and the social implications of technology in society. Godin's research often explores the intersection of science, technology, and innovation, emphasizing the cultural and social contexts that shape them.
Gene therapy is a medical technique that involves altering the genes inside a patient's cells to treat or prevent disease. The goal of gene therapy is to correct or replace faulty genes that are responsible for disease development or progression. There are several approaches to gene therapy, including: 1. **Gene Replacement**: Introducing a normal copy of a gene to replace a mutated or nonfunctional gene.
An "Index of Molecular Biology Articles" typically refers to a curated list or database of research articles, reviews, and papers focused on topics within molecular biology. This index can serve several purposes: 1. **Organization**: It helps researchers and students find relevant literature for their studies by categorizing articles based on various criteria such as topic, author, date of publication, journal, etc.
Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) is a molecular biology technique used for the rapid amplification of RNA. It combines the principles of reverse transcription and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, allowing for the detection of RNA targets, such as viral RNA.
The Tetranucleotide Hypothesis is a historical concept in molecular biology that relates to the structure of nucleic acids, specifically DNA.
Transactivation refers to a process in molecular biology where one protein, often a transcription factor, increases the expression of a gene by enhancing the activity of another protein or by interacting with regulatory elements in the gene's promoter region. This mechanism is crucial in gene regulation and can involve various signaling pathways and interactions between proteins. In a more specific context, transactivation often describes the ability of certain viral proteins (such as those from retroviruses) to turn on the expression of viral genes and host cellular genes.
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is one of the 16 federal states (Bundesländer) of Germany, located in the northeastern part of the country. It was formed in 1990 following the reunification of Germany, incorporating the former East German states of Mecklenburg and Vorpommern. The state is known for its picturesque landscapes, which include a coastline along the Baltic Sea, numerous lakes, forests, and charming small towns.
The observer-expectancy effect, also known as the experimenter-expectancy effect or Rosenthal effect, refers to a cognitive bias that occurs when a researcher's expectations or beliefs about the outcome of a study subtly influence the behavior of participants, which in turn affects the results of the research.
A shim is a thin, typically wedge-shaped piece of material used to fill in gaps or spaces between objects, provide support, or create a level surface. Shims can be made from various materials, including wood, metal, plastic, or composite materials, depending on the application. Shims are commonly used in construction, woodworking, machinery alignment, and many other fields. For example, in flooring installations, shims might be used to level out the floorboards.
Boris Hessen (1893-1936) was a Soviet physicist and philosopher, best known for his contributions to the philosophy of science. He was born in Ukraine and became a prominent figure in the early Soviet scientific community. Hessen is particularly noted for his work on the relationship between science and society, emphasizing the socio-political context of scientific developments.
The Flight-time equivalent dose (FTED) is a concept used primarily in the field of space radiation and aviation medicine to estimate the amount of ionizing radiation that a person is exposed to during a flight, particularly on high-altitude or long-duration flights. This measurement helps assess the potential health risks associated with radiation exposure for airline crew members and passengers.
Target-site overlap refers to a phenomenon in genetics and molecular biology, particularly in the context of transposable elements (or "transposons") and gene insertion events. It occurs when a transposable element inserts itself into a genomic region that either overlaps with or is in close proximity to existing genes or gene regulatory sequences.
The Tn3 transposon, also known as Tn3, is a type of mobile genetic element that belongs to the category of transposons or "jumping genes." It was first discovered in the bacterium *Escherichia coli* and is well-studied due to its role in antibiotic resistance and its mechanisms of transposition.
Tre recombinase is an enzyme that belongs to the family of site-specific recombinases, which are proteins that catalyze the rearrangement of specific DNA sequences. Tre recombinase is derived from the bacteriophage T4 and is known for its ability to mediate the recombination of DNA sequences at defined sites. This enzyme recognizes specific DNA substrates, facilitating processes such as inversion, deletion, or integration of DNA segments.
Trizol, or TRIzol reagent, is a widely used reagent in molecular biology for the isolation of RNA, DNA, and proteins from biological samples. It is a phenol-based solution that facilitates the extraction of nucleic acids and proteins by separating them into different phases when mixed with a biological sample and subsequently centrifuged.