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Paraffin wax is a type of wax that is derived from petroleum, coal or shale oil. It is a white or colorless solid that is odorless and tasteless. Paraffin wax is made up of long-chain hydrocarbons, and its melting point typically ranges from about 46 to 68 degrees Celsius (115 to 154 degrees Fahrenheit).

A "sneaker wave" is a type of large ocean wave that unexpectedly surges onto shore, often catching beachgoers off guard. These waves can be more powerful and larger than the regular waves in the area, and they can occur without warning. Sneaker waves can pull people, animals, and objects back into the ocean, posing a significant risk of drowning or injury.

A "surf break" refers to a location where waves break in a way that is conducive to surfing. It describes the specific spot in the ocean where the swell (incoming waves) interacts with the ocean floor, leading to the formation of rideable waves.

Swell in the context of the ocean refers to a series of waves that are generated by distant weather systems, storms, or winds over a large body of water. Unlike local winds that create choppy waves close to shore, swell represents more organized, longer-period waves that can travel vast distances across the ocean. Swell waves typically have a longer wavelength and a more uniform shape compared to shorter, wind-driven waves.

Tsunamis in lakes, often referred to as "lake tsunamis" or "seismic sea waves," are large waves generated by disturbances in or near a body of water, similar to ocean tsunamis, but occurring in lakes.

The Ursell number is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics and statistical mechanics, particularly in the context of many-particle systems. It arises in the study of phase transitions and the statistical properties of fluids. Mathematically, the Ursell number \( U \) for a system is defined using the correlation functions of the particles in the system. It is often used to quantify the degree of correlations in a system of interacting particles.

In physics, a "wake" refers to the disturbed flow of fluid that is left behind an object as it moves through that fluid. This concept is most commonly discussed in the context of fluid dynamics, where the object can be anything from a boat moving through water to an airplane flying through air. When an object moves through a fluid, it displaces the fluid and creates a region of altered flow behind it.

Wave-making resistance refers to a type of hydrodynamic resistance that occurs when a vessel moves through water, creating waves as it displaces water. This phenomenon is especially significant for ships and boats, as the energy required to generate these waves contributes to the overall resistance that the vessel experiences as it moves.

Wave radar refers to a type of radar system specifically designed to measure wave characteristics and ocean conditions. It operates by emitting microwave signals that bounce off the ocean surface and return to the radar system. The time it takes for the signal to return and the changes in frequency can provide valuable information about wave height, direction, speed, and other surface conditions.

A raincoat is a waterproof or water-resistant outer garment designed to protect the wearer from rain and wet weather. Typically made from materials like rubber, plastic, or specially treated fabrics, raincoats often feature closures like zippers or buttons, hoods for additional protection, and sometimes vents to improve breathability. They come in various styles, lengths, and colors, catering to both functional and fashion needs.

The term "water resistant" refers to a product's ability to resist the penetration of water to some degree, but it does not imply that the product is completely waterproof. The water resistance mark is typically used in relation to watches, electronics, clothing, and other items that may be exposed to moisture.

Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains, which can vary in length and degree of saturation. They are essential components of lipids (fats and oils) and play crucial roles in biological processes. ### Key Features of Fatty Acids: 1. **Structure**: - **Carboxyl Group**: Each fatty acid has a carboxyl (-COOH) group at one end, which gives it acidic properties.

Wax sculptures are three-dimensional artworks created using wax, a versatile material that can be molded and shaped easily. These sculptures can depict a wide range of subjects, including human figures, animals, and abstract forms. Wax has been used in various art forms throughout history, and it is often associated with lifelike representations due to its ability to capture fine details and textures.

Candelilla wax is a natural plant-based wax derived from the leaves of the candelilla plant (Euphorbia antisyphilitica), which is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. This wax is obtained by harvesting the leaves of the plant and then processing them to remove the wax, typically through a boiling or extraction process. Candelilla wax is known for its hard, brittle texture and has a pale yellow to brown color.

Carnauba wax is a natural wax obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm (*Copernicia prunifera*), which is native to Brazil. It is often referred to as the "queen of waxes" because it is one of the hardest natural waxes and has a high melting point (around 82 to 86 degrees Celsius or 180 to 187 degrees Fahrenheit).

Carromancy is a form of divination that involves the interpretation of the patterns made by tossing or scattering carrom seeds or similar small objects. The practice is typically associated with seeking answers or guidance by analyzing how the seeds land and form patterns, which are then interpreted by the practitioner. This form of divination can draw on symbolism, tradition, and intuition to provide insights into the question or situation at hand.

Castor wax, also known as castor oil wax or hydrogenated castor oil, is a solid or semi-solid substance derived from castor oil through a hydrogenation process. It is a type of fatty acid wax that is often used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its unique properties. ### Properties and Characteristics: - **Chemical Structure**: Castor wax consists primarily of ricinoleic acid, a fatty acid found in castor oil.

The weather of 2011 was notable for a variety of extreme weather events across the globe. Some significant highlights include: 1. **Tornadoes in the United States**: One of the most devastating tornado seasons occurred in 2011, with an outbreak in April that included the Joplin tornado, which killed over 150 people and caused extensive damage.

The weather in 2012 varied greatly around the world, influenced by a mix of natural climate patterns, such as El Niño and La Niña, and human-induced factors. Here are some highlights of significant weather events and trends from that year: 1. **United States**: - The summer of 2012 was marked by one of the most severe droughts in the Midwest and Great Plains, impacting agriculture significantly.

Weather extremes refer to unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather conditions that deviate significantly from the average patterns expected in a given area. These extremes can have various forms, including: 1. **Heatwaves**: Prolonged periods of excessively hot weather, often with high humidity. Heatwaves can lead to health risks, droughts, and wildfires.