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Enoch Lewis was an American mathematician known for his contributions to geometry, particularly in the area of projective geometry. He was active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is often associated with the development of certain concepts and theories in mathematics during that time. Lewis was also an educator and played a significant role in promoting mathematical education. He was involved in defining and improving curricula and instructional methods in mathematics, helping to shape the way mathematics was taught.

The Von Foerster equation, named after the physicist Heinz von Foerster, is a partial differential equation that describes the evolution of the density distribution of a population or the distribution of an attribute over time. It's particularly used in the context of population dynamics and can model how the density of individuals in a particular state changes over time due to various processes such as reproduction, aging, or external influences.

Reginald Victor Jones (1911–1997) was a prominent British scientist and thinker known for his work in the fields of radar and electronic warfare during World War II. He made significant contributions to the development of radar technology, which played a crucial role in the Allied victory. Jones's insights not only advanced military technology but also influenced post-war scientific and technological developments. He had a notable career as a physicist and was recognized for his ability to integrate scientific understanding with practical military applications.

Ludwig Staiger is a German physicist known for his contributions to the fields of quantum optics and laser physics. He has been involved in various research projects and has published papers on topics related to quantum mechanics, light-matter interaction, and the development of optical technologies.

New Sacred Harp is a contemporary adaptation of the traditional Sacred Harp singing tradition, which is rooted in shape note singing and originated in the early 19th century in the United States. Sacred Harp singing is characterized by its use of the shape note system, which uses different shapes for musical notes to facilitate singing, particularly for those who may not have formal musical training.

John Nelson Stockwell is a notable American figure recognized for his contributions in various fields, including academia and public service. He served as a U.S. diplomat and was involved in the Vietnam War, where he became a critic of U.S. foreign policy. Stockwell is also known for his writings and documentaries addressing issues related to U.S. intervention in foreign countries and the impact of such policies.

A "shrinking city" refers to an urban area that is experiencing a significant decline in population and economic activity. This phenomenon typically arises due to various factors, including: 1. **Economic Decline**: Loss of industries or jobs that lead to unemployment and migration out of the city. Historical examples include cities that were once heavily reliant on manufacturing but faced downturns due to deindustrialization.

"CONQUEST" can refer to different things depending on the context. Here are a few possibilities: 1. **General Meaning**: In a broad sense, "conquest" refers to the act of conquering or gaining control over a territory, a people, or a significant objective through military force or other means.

Sequential experiments are a type of experimental design in which observations or measurements are collected and analyzed in phases, allowing for decision-making or adjustments in real-time as data accumulates. This approach contrasts with traditional experimental designs where all data is collected before analysis.

Mildly Context-Sensitive Grammar (MCSG) is a form of formal grammar that extends context-free grammar (CFG) to better capture certain linguistic phenomena that CFGs struggle with. MCSG is part of a broader class of grammars known as mildly context-sensitive formalisms. These grammars are designed to handle syntactic structures that require more expressive power than context-free grammars, but are still computationally more manageable than fully context-sensitive grammars.

Interrupted time series (ITS) is a type of statistical analysis used in research to evaluate the effects of an intervention or event over time. It is commonly used in fields like public health, social sciences, and economics to assess the impact of policy changes, program implementations, or other significant events on a specific outcome measured at multiple time points. ### Key Characteristics of Interrupted Time Series: 1. **Repeated Measure**: Data is collected at multiple time points both before and after the intervention or event.

Continued Process Verification (CPV) is a concept primarily used in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries that involves the ongoing monitoring and validation of manufacturing processes throughout the lifecycle of a product. The aim of CPV is to ensure that processes remain in a state of control and that the quality of the product is consistently maintained over time. Key elements of CPV include: 1. **Ongoing Monitoring**: Product and process performance metrics are continually collected and analyzed.

A Latin rectangle is a mathematical concept that extends the idea of a Latin square. Specifically, a Latin rectangle is an \( m \times n \) arrangement of \( m \) different symbols (or elements), where \( m \leq n \), such that each symbol appears exactly once in each row and at most once in each column. To break this down further: - **Rows**: The rectangle has \( m \) rows.

An orthogonal array is a mathematical structure used in statistics and experimental design, particularly in the context of conducting experiments and analyzing data. It is a multidimensional array that provides a systematic way to arrange treatment combinations and their conditions, and it ensures that the levels of the factors being studied are balanced and replicated across different experimental runs.

Smooth manifolds are a fundamental concept in differential geometry and provide a framework for studying shapes and spaces that can be modeled in a way similar to Euclidean spaces. Here’s a more detailed explanation: ### Definition A **smooth manifold** is a topological manifold equipped with a global smooth structure.

In the context of abstract rewriting systems, "normal form" refers to a state in which an expression (or term) cannot be rewritten or simplified any further according to the rules of the rewriting system. This means that no applicable rewrite rules can be applied to the expression to produce a different expression. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Abstract Rewriting Systems**: These involve a set of expressions (terms) and a set of rewrite rules that describe how one expression can be transformed into another.

The ring of integers, commonly denoted as \(\mathbb{Z}\), is the set of all whole numbers that includes positive integers, negative integers, and zero.

A semiprime ring is a specific type of ring in the field of abstract algebra.

Joseph Diestel is an American mathematician known for his contributions to functional analysis and related areas. He is particularly recognized for his work in the theory of Banach spaces and for his books on mathematics, which are widely used in graduate-level courses. One of his notable works includes "Sequences and Series in Banach Spaces," which addresses concepts essential to the study of functional analysis. Diestel has also played a significant role in the mathematical community through teaching and research.

Graphical projections refer to a method of representing three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional format, typically used in technical drawing, computer graphics, and visualization. This technique simplifies the representation of 3D objects by projecting their features onto a 2D plane, allowing for easier interpretation and communication of complex shapes and structures. There are several common types of graphical projections: 1. **Orthographic Projection**: This is a method where the object's dimensions are represented in true scale.