Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760–1828) was a prominent Spanish playwright and poet, known for his contributions to Spanish literature during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was part of the Spanish Enlightenment and is often associated with the neoclassical movement in literature. Moratín is best known for his plays, particularly "El sí de las niñas" (The Consent of the Girls), which critiques traditional societal norms regarding marriage and women's roles.
The Leiden Draft refers to a proposal for a framework aimed at establishing principles for the ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) and its governance. It originated from discussions and collaborations among stakeholders in the field of AI, including researchers, industry leaders, and policymakers. The draft emphasizes the need for transparency, accountability, and inclusiveness in the development and deployment of AI technologies. Key principles often associated with such frameworks include ensuring that AI respects human rights, promotes fairness, and fosters public trust.
"Letter to M. D'Alembert on Spectacles" is a philosophical essay written by the French Enlightenment thinker Denis Diderot. The letter was composed in 1758 as part of a broader discourse on the nature of art, aesthetics, and the role of the spectator in the engagement with artistic works.
Liberal Christianity is a theological movement within Christianity that emphasizes reason, personal experience, and social justice while often reinterpreting traditional doctrines in light of contemporary knowledge and values. It seeks to reconcile faith with modern scientific understandings, historical-critical approaches to scripture, and an evolving moral framework.
The Copa Libertadores is an annual club football (soccer) tournament organized by the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). Established in 1960, it is one of the most prestigious tournaments in club football in South America, comparable to the UEFA Champions League in Europe. The tournament features the top club teams from various South American countries, including Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Paraguay, and others.
The Enlightenment was a period from the late 17th century to the 18th century characterized by a surge in scientific exploration and knowledge, particularly in the fields of botany and natural history. During this time, many gardener-botanist explorers contributed to our understanding of plant life across the globe.
The Enlightenment was an intellectual and cultural movement that emerged in Europe during the late 17th to the 18th century. It emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority. Many intellectuals contributed to this period, and here is a list of some of the most prominent figures: 1. **Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet)** - A French writer and philosopher known for his advocacy of civil liberties, separation of church and state, and criticism of established religion.
Louis de Jaucourt (1704–1779) was a French physician and writer, best known for his contributions to the "Encyclopédie," a monumental work edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert. Jaucourt was one of the most prolific contributors to the encyclopedic project, authoring thousands of articles on a wide range of subjects, including medicine, philosophy, and various sciences.
Ludwig Heinrich von Nicolay (1810–1881) was a notable figure in the field of chemistry, particularly known for his work in organic chemistry and the study of various chemical compounds. He made significant contributions to the understanding of chemical reactions and the properties of different substances. His work included research on the synthesis and characterization of organic compounds.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist, born on December 17, 1770, in Bonn and died on March 26, 1827, in Vienna. He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and influential composers in Western classical music. Beethoven's music is known for its emotional depth, innovative structures, and remarkable ability to convey human experience.
Lumières
"Lumières" can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Enlightenment Movement**: In a historical and philosophical context, "Lumières" (French for "Lights") refers to the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly in Europe. This period emphasized reason, science, and individual rights, challenging traditional authority and encouraging critical thinking and skepticism of established norms, particularly in politics and religion.
Maine de Biran, whose full name is François Pierre Guillaume Guérin de Biran, was a French philosopher born on March 29, 1766, and he died on July 20, 1824. He is known for his contributions to idealism, psychology, and the philosophy of mind, often focusing on the nature of consciousness and the relationship between the self and its actions.
The Marbot family is a prominent family in France, historically known for their military and political influence. The most notable member of the family is General Jean-Antoine Marbot, who served in the Napoleonic Wars and gained recognition for his military prowess and writings. The family's legacy includes contributions to French history through service in various military roles, as well as involvement in the political landscape over generations.
Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, was a notable figure in British history, primarily recognized for her role as a noblewoman and her contributions to the arts and sciences in the 18th century. Born on December 22, 1715, she was the daughter of the 2nd Duke of Portland, and she became the Duchess of Portland through her marriage to William Bentinck, the 4th Duke of Portland.
The Marquis de Condorcet, whose full name was Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, was an 18th-century French philosopher, mathematician, and political scientist. He was born on September 17, 1743, and died on March 29, 1794. Condorcet is best known for his contributions to the fields of social and political theory, particularly his ideas surrounding democracy and voting.
Martín Sarmiento refers to a figure in Spanish history, specifically a Spanish friar, scholar, and intellectual from the 18th century. His full name was Martín de Sarmiento and he is known for his contributions to the fields of education, linguistics, and philosophy. Sarmiento was a proponent of reforming education and the Spanish language, advocating for the use of a clearer and more rational approach to teaching.
Maximilian III Joseph was the Elector of Bavaria from 1745 until his death in 1777. Born on December 28, 1727, he was a member of the House of Wittelsbach. As Elector, Maximilian III Joseph played a significant role in the political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire during his reign. He was known for his efforts to modernize the administration of Bavaria and improve the state's economy and infrastructure.
The May Revolution, also known as the May Revolution of 1810, refers to a series of events that took place in Buenos Aires, which was then part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, in May 1810. This revolution marked the beginning of the Argentine War of Independence and set the stage for the wider independence movements across South America.
The term "Midlands Enlightenment" typically refers to a cultural and intellectual movement in the Midlands region of England during the 18th century, characterized by a focus on reason, science, and humanism. It can be seen as part of the broader European Enlightenment movement, which emphasized critical thinking, empirical research, and the questioning of traditional authority.
The Modern Greek Enlightenment refers to a cultural and intellectual movement that took place in Greece during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, coinciding with the broader European Enlightenment. This period was characterized by a renewed interest in classical learning, philosophy, and the sciences, as well as a push for political and social reforms.