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The term "18th century in computing" can be somewhat misleading, as the 18th century (1701-1800) predates the invention of modern computers. However, this period was significant for laying the groundwork for later advancements in computing through developments in mathematics, logic, and mechanical devices.

The term "19th century in computing" typically refers to the foundational ideas and early mechanical devices that laid the groundwork for the field of computing as we know it today.

The 20th century witnessed significant developments in computing, which laid the foundation for the modern computing landscape. Here are some key milestones and trends in computing during that time: 1. **Early Mechanical Computers (1940s)**: - **ENIAC (1945)**: One of the first electronic general-purpose computers, ENIAC was used for complex calculations, like those needed for atomic bomb development.

The 21st century in computing is characterized by rapid advancements in technology and a significant transformation in how we interact with and utilize computers. Some key highlights of this era include: 1. **Internet and Connectivity**: The widespread adoption of the internet transformed computing, enabling global connectivity, access to vast amounts of information, and the rise of online services and social media platforms. 2. **Mobile Computing**: The proliferation of smartphones and tablets revolutionized personal computing.

"Computing by year" typically refers to a historical overview or timeline of significant events, developments, and milestones in the field of computing and technology throughout the years. This can include the invention of key technologies, the creation of programming languages, advancements in hardware and software, and the rise of the internet, among other important developments.

The history of computer companies is a fascinating journey through technological innovation, commercialization, and the evolution of the computer industry over decades. Below is a brief overview highlighting key milestones and notable companies: ### 1940s - 1950s: The Birth of Computing - **ENIAC (1945)**: Often considered the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, designed by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

The history of software is a fascinating journey that reflects the evolution of computers and technology. Here's an overview of the key milestones in the development of software: ### 1. **Early Beginnings (1940s-1950s)** - **Theoretical Foundations**: The concepts of algorithms and computation were described by mathematicians like Alan Turing and John von Neumann in the 1930s and 1940s.

"Women in Computing" refers to the movement, initiatives, and efforts aimed at increasing the participation and representation of women in the field of computing, technology, and related disciplines. This includes various aspects such as: 1. **Encouragement and Education**: Programs aimed at encouraging young girls and women to pursue careers in computing through educational initiatives, workshops, coding boot camps, and mentorship programs.