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The Dot-com bubble was a period of excessive speculation in the late 1990s and early 2000s, characterized by the rapid rise and fall of internet-based companies' stock prices. During this time, a surge of investment in internet-related businesses led to the creation and proliferation of many dot-com companies, often characterized by their ".com" domain names.

The Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library that aims to preserve and provide access to a vast collection of digital content, including websites, books, music, software, and other media. It was founded in 1996 and is best known for its Wayback Machine, which allows users to view archived versions of websites as they appeared at different points in time.

The Internet has evolved significantly since its inception. Here's a timeline highlighting key developments and milestones in the history of the Internet, year by year: ### 1960s - **1962:** J.C.R. Licklider of MIT discusses a concept of an "Intergalactic Network" of computers. - **1965:** The first wide-area network connection is established between a computer at MIT and another at Stanford Research Institute.

Internet company founders are individuals who establish or co-found companies that primarily operate on the internet or leverage the internet as a key component of their business model. These founders often come up with innovative ideas or services that fulfill specific needs or solve problems, and they lead their companies through various stages of development, from initial concept through to growth and expansion.

Internet culture refers to the various social behaviors, norms, values, and practices that have emerged and evolved within online communities and platforms. This culture encompasses a wide range of phenomena, including memes, viral trends, subcultures, and the ways in which people interact, communicate, and express themselves online.

Internet outages are periods when internet services are unavailable or significantly disrupted. These outages can affect individuals, businesses, or entire regions. Common causes include: 1. **Technical Issues:** Problems with hardware or software, such as router failures, server malfunctions, or issues in the network infrastructure. 2. **Natural Disasters:** Events like hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods can damage physical infrastructure, making it difficult or impossible to maintain internet service.

"Internet pioneers" refers to the individuals and groups who played a significant role in the development, creation, and expansion of the internet and its associated technologies. This term encompasses a wide array of people, including researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, and visionaries who contributed to the foundational elements of the internet.

The history of the Internet is documented through a variety of texts, including books, academic papers, articles, and magazines. Here are several key texts and sources that delve into the development, evolution, and impact of the Internet: ### Books 1.

.au Domain Administration (auDA) is the policy authority and industry self-regulatory body for the .au domain space, which is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Australia. auDA manages the overall framework for the .au domain, including the allocation and administration of .au domain names, as well as the development of policies and practices that govern their use.

ALIWEB, which stands for "Archie-Like Indexing for the WEB," is one of the earliest search engines created to index the World Wide Web. Developed in 1993, ALIWEB allowed website owners to submit their own site descriptions, which would then be indexed and made searchable. Unlike later search engines that relied heavily on crawlers to index web pages, ALIWEB depended on a more manual input method for gathering data about websites.

Advanced Network and Services (ANS) is a nonprofit organization that focuses on promoting and advancing the development of high-performance networking and advanced services for educational, research, and other institutions. It plays a significant role in the development of cutting-edge network technologies and services that facilitate collaboration and innovation in various fields, including education, science, and information technology. ANS often collaborates with universities, government agencies, and industry partners to foster research and development in networking technologies.

Al Gore, the former Vice President of the United States, is known for his advocacy on environmental issues and climate change, but he also has a significant connection to information technology. In the 1990s, while serving under President Bill Clinton, Gore promoted the development of the Internet, referring to it as "The Information Superhighway." He championed initiatives that contributed to the expansion and accessibility of the Internet, including federal funding for research and development in information technology.

AltaVista was one of the early search engines on the internet, launched in 1995. It was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and became popular for its fast search capabilities and user-friendly interface. AltaVista was notable for indexing a vast amount of web pages at the time, allowing users to perform keyword searches and providing various features like advanced search options and translation services.

AlterNIC, short for "Alternative Network Information Center," is an alternative domain name registry and an alternative to more conventional domain registration entities. Established in the mid-1990s, AlterNIC sought to provide an independent namespace for internet users and offered domain names under various top-level domains (TLDs) that were not controlled by the traditional Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). One of the notable features of AlterNIC was its use of TLDs such as .

The act you are referring to is likely the "Internet Governance Modernization Act," which was introduced to affirm the policy of the United States regarding internet governance, particularly in relation to international entities that manage aspects of the internet, such as domain names and IP addresses. It typically emphasizes the importance of a free, open, and secure internet, and the role of multi-stakeholder governance involving various stakeholders, including the private sector, civil society, and governments.

Archie is recognized as one of the earliest search engines, specifically designed for indexing and searching for files on the Internet. Developed in 1990 by Alan E. Hall and his team at McGill University in Canada, Archie was originally created to locate and retrieve data from FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites, where many early internet users stored files for sharing.

Archive.today, also known as archive.is, is a web archiving service that allows users to capture and store snapshots of web pages. The service can create permanent records of online content, which is useful for preserving information that may change or become inaccessible over time. When a user submits a URL to Archive.today, the service takes a snapshot of that page as it exists at that moment. The resulting archived page can be accessed later, even if the original page has been altered or deleted.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, Barry Appelman does not appear to be a widely recognized figure in literature, politics, entertainment, or other public domains. It's possible that he could be a private individual, a professional in a specific field, or someone who has gained recognition after my last update.

CANARIE is a Canadian not-for-profit organization that plays a key role in advancing digital research and education across the country. It operates Canada's national research and education network, providing high-speed internet connectivity and advanced digital infrastructure to universities, research institutions, and other organizations.

The Carna botnet is a network of compromised computers that was used for unauthorized scanning of devices connected to the internet. It was discovered in 2012 and is primarily known for its large-scale surveillance of the Internet of Things (IoT) and other devices. The botnet was named after the project "Carna" which was created by a group of researchers who used it to conduct a study on the security and prevalence of various devices on the internet.