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The Theil index is a measure of economic inequality that assesses the distribution of income or wealth within a population. It is named after the Dutch economist Henri Theil, who developed this metric in the 1960s. The Theil index is part of a family of inequality measures known as "entropy" measures and is particularly noted for its ability to decompose inequality into within-group and between-group components.

The term "three-process view" often refers to a framework in psychology that models the processes involved in how people perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information. Though the exact content and context might vary depending on the field or specific model being discussed, a common application of the three-process view is in the context of memory, specifically the information processing model of memory.

Information theory is a mathematical framework for quantifying information, developed in the mid-20th century. Below is a timeline highlighting key events and developments in the field: ### Early Concepts (Pre-1940s) - **Shannon's Foundation (1948):** Claude Shannon published "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," which is considered the founding document of information theory. In this work, he introduced key concepts such as entropy, redundancy, and the capacity of communication channels.

Total correlation is a concept from information theory and statistics that measures the amount of dependence or shared information among a set of random variables. Unlike mutual information, which quantifies the shared information between two variables, total correlation extends this idea to multiple variables.

Triangular network coding is a specific approach to network coding that involves the way data is transmitted across a network. This method can generally be explained in the context of multiple nodes that communicate with each other in a way that allows them to efficiently share information. The core idea behind network coding is that instead of simply relaying the messages as they are received, intermediate nodes can encode the messages they have in a way that allows for greater throughput and reduced data transmission redundancy.

In information theory, the concept of a "typical set" is a fundamental idea introduced by Claude Shannon in his work on data compression and communication theory. The typical set is used to describe a subset of sequences from a larger set of possible sequences that exhibit certain "typical" properties in terms of probability and information. ### Definition 1. **Source and Sequences**: Consider a discrete memoryless source that can produce sequences of symbols from a finite alphabet.

Ulam's game, named after the mathematician Stanisław Ulam, is a two-player mathematical game that involves a sequence of guesses and responses. The objective of the game is for one player to guess a secret number chosen by the other player.

The Uncertainty Coefficient, also known as the Uncertainty Measure or the Uncertainty Coefficient of a variable, is a statistical measure used to quantify the uncertainty associated with a random variable or the amount of information that one variable provides about another. It is especially relevant in information theory and statistics. ### Key Points: 1. **Definition**: The Uncertainty Coefficient measures how much knowing the value of one variable reduces the uncertainty about another variable.

Unicity distance is a concept in cryptography that refers to the minimum amount of ciphertext required to ensure that a given ciphertext corresponds to exactly one possible plaintext. In other words, it is the length of ciphertext needed to guarantee that there is a unique plaintext that could produce that ciphertext using a particular encryption scheme. In contexts like symmetric encryption, the unicity distance is important for assessing the security of a cryptosystem.

The water-pouring algorithm is a method used in optimization problems, particularly in the context of scheduling and resource allocation. It is often applied to problems where resources are distributed over a time horizon with certain constraints. The algorithm is especially significant in fields like telecommunications, operations research, and computer science. ### Key Concepts of the Water-Pouring Algorithm: 1. **Resource Constraints**: The algorithm typically deals with problems where there is a limited supply of resources (like bandwidth, processing power, etc.

Wilson's model of information behavior, developed by Peter Wilson in the 1980s, is a comprehensive framework designed to understand how individuals seek, use, and manage information. The model emphasizes the complex interplay of various factors influencing information behavior, which include individual characteristics (e.g., motivation, cognition), contextual factors (e.g., social environment, organizational setting), and the nature of the information itself.

In information theory, a Z-channel is a type of communication channel characterized by the possibility of losing information—in a specific way—while transmitting a message. Specifically, a Z-channel can be defined as a channel in which some symbols can be transmitted perfectly, while others may be lost entirely. This creates a situation where the channel is "asymmetric" with respect to the symbols being transmitted.