Children: Isotopes
Potassium has several isotopes, but the most notable ones are: 1. **Potassium-39 (⁴⁰K)**: This is the most abundant isotope, making up about 93.26% of natural potassium. It is stable and does not undergo radioactive decay. 2. **Potassium-40 (⁴⁰K)**: This isotope is radioactive and makes up about 0.012% of natural potassium. It has a half-life of approximately 1.
Praseodymium, which has the atomic number 59, has several isotopes, with a total of 6 known isotopes ranging from \(\text{Pr}^{125}\) to \(\text{Pr}^{135}\). The most stable and naturally occurring isotopes of praseodymium are: 1. **Praseodymium-141 (\(^{141}\text{Pr}\))**: This is the most abundant isotope, constituting about 99.
Promethium (Pm) is a rare and radioactive element with the atomic number 61. It has a number of isotopes, most of which are unstable and radioactive. The most notable isotopes of promethium include: 1. **Promethium-145 (Pm-145)**: This isotope has a half-life of about 17.7 hours and decays into Neodymium-145.
Protactinium (Pa) has several isotopes, but the most notable ones are: 1. **Protactinium-231 (Pa-231)**: This is the most stable and widely recognized isotope of protactinium. It has a half-life of about 32,760 years and is produced from the decay of uranium-235. It is used in various scientific research applications, including studies related to nuclear chemistry and geology.
Radium has several isotopes, the most notable of which are Radium-226 and Radium-228. Here's a brief overview of these isotopes: 1. **Radium-226**: - It is the most stable and common isotope of radium. - It has a half-life of about 1,600 years and decays primarily through alpha decay into radon-222.
Radon is a radioactive noble gas with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It has several isotopes, with the most notable being: 1. **Radon-222 (²²²Rn)**: The most stable and abundant isotope, with a half-life of about 3.8 days. It is produced naturally from the decay of uranium-238 and is significant in environmental studies due to its presence in soil and groundwater.
Rhenium (Re) is a transition metal with atomic number 75. It has several isotopes, but the most notable ones are: 1. **^185Re**: This is the most stable and abundant isotope of rhenium, with a half-life of approximately 4.0 × 10^10 years. It is a non-radioactive isotope and is commonly used in various applications, including catalysts and electronics.
Rhodium (Rh) has several isotopes, but the most notable ones are: 1. **Rhodium-103 (Rh-103)**: This is the only stable isotope of rhodium and makes up nearly all naturally occurring rhodium. It has a nuclear spin of 1/2 and is commonly used in various applications, including catalytic converters and jewelry.
Roentgenium (Rg) is a synthetic element with the atomic number 111. It is highly unstable and radioactive, and as of my last update, only a few isotopes of roentgenium have been produced. The known isotopes of roentgenium include: 1. **Roentgenium-282 (Rg-282)**: This isotope has a half-life of approximately 2.1 milliseconds.
Rubidium (Rb) has several known isotopes, with the most notable ones being rubidium-85 (¹⁸⁵Rb) and rubidium-87 (¹⁸⁷Rb). Here are some details about these isotopes: 1. **Rubidium-85 (¹⁸⁵Rb)**: - **Natural Abundance**: Approximately 72.2% of natural rubidium is ¹⁸⁵Rb.
Ruthenium has several isotopes, with a total of 7 naturally occurring and synthetic isotopes known. Here are some of the notable isotopes of ruthenium: 1. **Ruthenium-96 (Ru-96)**: This is the most stable and abundant isotope, with a half-life of about 373.59 days. It primarily decays by beta decay.
Rutherfordium (Rf) is a synthetic element with the atomic number 104. It has no stable isotopes, and all of its isotopes are radioactive. The most notable isotopes of rutherfordium include: 1. **Rutherfordium-261**: This is the most stable isotope, with a half-life of about 2.5 minutes. 2. **Rutherfordium-260**: This isotope has a half-life of approximately 2.2 minutes.
Samarium (Sm) is a chemical element with the atomic number 62. It has several isotopes, with the most stable and common ones being: 1. **Samarium-144 (^144Sm)**: This isotope has a half-life of about journalists days and is one of the most stable isotopes of samarium.
Seaborgium (Sg) is a synthetic element with atomic number 106. It is part of the transactinide series and was first synthesized in 1974. Due to its very short half-life, seaborgium has no stable isotopes. The known isotopes of seaborgium are all radioactive.
Selenium has several isotopes, which are variations of the element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The most stable and common isotopes of selenium are: 1. **Selenium-74 (Se-74)**: This isotope has 34 protons and 40 neutrons and is one of the most abundant isotopes of selenium.
Silicon has several isotopes, which are variations of the silicon atom that have the same number of protons (14) but different numbers of neutrons. The stable isotopes of silicon are: 1. **Silicon-28 (Si-28)**: This is the most abundant isotope, making up about 97.2% of natural silicon. It has 14 protons and 14 neutrons.
Silver has several isotopes, but the two most notable ones are: 1. **Silver-107 (\(^{107}\)Ag)**: This is the most stable and abundant isotope of silver, comprising about 51.8% of natural silver. Silver-107 has a nuclear spin of 1/2 and is used in various applications, including in certain types of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Sodium (Na) has several isotopes, but the most notable ones are: 1. **Sodium-23 (Na-23)**: This is the only stable isotope of sodium and accounts for almost all naturally occurring sodium. It has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. 2. **Sodium-22 (Na-22)**: This is a radioactive isotope of sodium with a half-life of about 2.6 years.
Strontium has several isotopes, but the most notable ones are: 1. **Strontium-84 (Sr-84)**: This is the most abundant stable isotope of strontium, making up about 0.56% of naturally occurring strontium. 2. **Strontium-86 (Sr-86)**: This is another stable isotope, comprising about 9.86% of natural strontium.