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The 19th century was a pivotal period in the development of mathematics, characterized by significant advances in various fields. Here are some notable contributions and developments from that era: 1. **Foundations of Modern Mathematics**: The 19th century saw efforts to establish a more rigorous foundation for mathematics. Key figures included: - **Georg Cantor**, who developed set theory and introduced concepts like cardinality and ordinality.

The 20th century was a transformative period for mathematics, characterized by significant developments across various fields, including pure and applied mathematics. Here are some key highlights: 1. **Foundations and Logic**: The early 20th century saw a focus on the foundations of mathematics, particularly through the work of mathematicians like David Hilbert, Kurt Gödel, and Bertrand Russell.

The term "21st century in mathematics" can refer to several aspects of mathematics as it has evolved and been practiced since the year 2000. Here are a few key points that characterize mathematics in the 21st century: 1. **Interdisciplinary Connections**: Mathematics is increasingly applied to a wide range of fields including biology, economics, computer science, engineering, and social sciences. This interdisciplinary approach enhances the relevance and application of mathematical concepts.

The history of mathematics is rich and varied, with many notable mathematicians emerging in each century. Below is a list of some significant mathematicians categorized by century: ### Ancient Times - **Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (circa 3000 BCE - 500 BCE)**: Early mathematicians worked on basic arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy; notable contributions came from civilizations like Babylon and Egypt.

The term "Mathematics of ancient history" can refer to several aspects of how mathematics was developed and used in ancient civilizations. It encompasses the mathematical practices, systems, and concepts that were created and utilized by early societies. Here are some key points about mathematics in ancient history: 1. **Numerical Systems**: Ancient cultures developed their own numerical systems. For example: - The Egyptians used a base-10 system with specific symbols for different powers of ten.

Medieval mathematics refers to the mathematical developments that occurred in Europe and the Islamic world during the Middle Ages, which spanned roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century. This period is often seen as a bridge between the ancient mathematical achievements of Greece and Rome and the Renaissance, which brought about significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics. Here are some key aspects of medieval mathematics: ### 1.