Children: Nanotechnology
Nanoengineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems at the nanoscale, typically between 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials often exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that differ significantly from their larger-scale counterparts. Nanoengineering encompasses various disciplines, including materials science, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
Nanofiltration (NF) is a membrane filtration process that operates between ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) in terms of pore size and rejection capabilities. It utilizes semi-permeable membranes with pore sizes typically in the range of 1 to 10 nanometers (nm), effectively allowing certain molecules and ions to pass through while rejecting others based on size and charge.
Nanofoundry typically refers to a facility or platform that combines nanotechnology and foundry processes to design, manufacture, and manipulate materials and devices at the nanoscale. While the specific context may vary, a Nanofoundry often focuses on the fabrication of nanoscale structures and devices for applications in fields such as electronics, medicine, materials science, and biotechnology.
A "nanohole" typically refers to a tiny hole or aperture with dimensions in the nanometer range (1 nanometer = \(10^{-9}\) meters). These features are often studied and utilized in various fields, including materials science, nanotechnology, and optics. Nanoholes can have significant effects on light-matter interactions, surface plasmon resonance, and various properties of materials.
A nanoindenter is an advanced testing instrument used to measure the mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale. It works by applying a precise and controlled force to a sharp indenter tip, which typically has a very small radius. The indenter penetrates the surface of the material being tested, allowing for the measurement of important mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, creep, and plasticity.
Nanoinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines nanotechnology, informatics, and data science to study and manage nanomaterials and nanoscale phenomena. It focuses on the collection, analysis, and integration of data related to nanomaterials, including their properties, behaviors, interactions, and potential applications. Key aspects of nanoinformatics include: 1. **Data Management:** It involves the organization and management of vast amounts of data generated from research in nanotechnology.
Nanomanufacturing is a branch of manufacturing that focuses on the production and manipulation of materials and devices at the nanoscale, which typically ranges from 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials often exhibit unique properties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts due to quantum effects and increased surface area-to-volume ratios. Nanomanufacturing involves various processes and techniques to design, create, and assemble nanoscale materials and structures.
Nanomechanics is a branch of materials science and engineering that focuses on the mechanical properties and behaviors of materials at the nanoscale, typically at dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. This field encompasses the study of how materials respond to various types of stress, strain, and deformation at this extremely small scale, where conventional mechanics may not fully apply due to quantum effects and surface phenomena.
Nanometrology is the science of measurement at the nanometer scale, which typically encompasses lengths from 1 nanometer (nm) to 100 nanometers (or 10^-9 to 10^-7 meters). This field is crucial for a variety of applications in nanotechnology, materials science, biology, and semiconductor manufacturing, where precise measurements are essential for the development and characterization of nanoscale materials and devices.
A nanonetwork is a network of interconnected nanoscale devices, typically operating at the nanoscale level (on the order of 1 to 100 nanometers). These devices often include nanosensors, nanoactuators, and other nanotechnologies that can communicate with each other and work collaboratively to perform specific tasks or gather information.
Nanoneuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from neuroscience, nanotechnology, and biophysics to study the nervous system and its components at the nanoscale. This area of research focuses on understanding the structure and function of neurons, glial cells, and synapses using advanced techniques and tools that operate at the nanometer scale (1 to 100 nanometers).
A nanophotonic resonator is a nanoscale structure designed to confine and manipulate light (photons) at the nanometer scale, typically using optical resonances. These resonators exploit the principles of photonics, which is the study of the generation, manipulation, and detection of light. Nanophotonic resonators can take various forms, including: 1. **Microring Resonators**: These are circular structures that can trap light within the ring.
A nanopipette is a specialized type of pipette designed to manipulate and deliver extremely small volumes of liquid, often at the nanoscale (typically in the nanoliter to picoliter range). Nanopipettes are characterized by their very fine tips, which can be on the order of tens of nanometers in diameter.
Nanopore technology refers to a method used for sequencing DNA and RNA by passing single molecules of nucleic acids through tiny pores (nanopores) in a membrane. This technology allows for the analysis of genetic material in real-time and has several advantages over traditional sequencing methods. ### Key Features of Nanopore Technology: 1. **Single-Molecule Sequencing**: Unlike many conventional sequencing methods that require amplification of DNA, nanopore sequencing can analyze single molecules directly.
Nanopore sequencing is a next-generation sequencing technology that allows for the real-time analysis of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, by passing them through small nanopores—tiny openings that measure just a few nanometers in diameter.
A nanoreactor is a nanoscale device or system designed to facilitate chemical reactions at the molecular or atomic level. These tiny reactors typically involve structures and materials that operate on the nanometer scale (one billionth of a meter) and can be used in various fields, including chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine. Nanoreactors often possess unique properties due to their size and surface characteristics, allowing for enhanced reaction rates, selectivity, and efficiency.
Nanorobotics is a field of technology and engineering that focuses on the design, construction, and application of robots and mechanical devices at the nanoscale, typically defined as dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These nano-robots, or nanobots, can perform tasks at a molecular or cellular level, making them highly useful in various fields, particularly in medicine, materials science, and manufacturing.
The nanoscopic scale refers to dimensions on the order of nanometers, which are one billionth of a meter (10^-9 meters). To provide some context, a typical human hair is about 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers in diameter, while many biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins, fall within the nanoscopic range.
A nanosensor is a device that utilizes nanoscale materials or structures to detect and measure physical, chemical, or biological properties. These sensors typically operate at the nanometer scale (1 to 100 nanometers) and can provide highly sensitive and specific detection capabilities due to their unique properties at this scale.
A nanosubmarine is a type of very small submarine, often at the nanoscale level, designed for various specialized applications, typically in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical research. These tiny submarines are sometimes envisioned or developed for purposes such as targeted drug delivery in the human body, environmental monitoring, or as platforms for conducting scientific experiments at the molecular level.