20th-century Brazilian physicists

The 20th century was a pivotal period for Brazilian physics, marked by the contributions of several prominent physicists who significantly advanced the field in Brazil and internationally.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized public figure or notable concept specifically known as "Amir Caldeira." It's possible that Amir Caldeira could refer to a private individual, a fictional character, or a name that has gained significance after my last update.

Antonio H. Castro Neto is a prominent physicist known for his work in condensed matter physics, particularly in the fields of graphene and two-dimensional materials. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of electronic properties and phenomena in these materials, which have important applications in nanotechnology and materials science. In addition to his research, he may also be involved in academic positions, mentoring students, and enhancing interdisciplinary collaborations within the scientific community.

Celso Grebogi is a Brazilian physicist, known for his work in the fields of dynamical systems, chaos theory, and control systems. He has made significant contributions to understanding complex systems and nonlinear dynamics, particularly in areas related to chaos control and synchronization. Grebogi is also recognized for his research in applying mathematical concepts to practical problems, including those in engineering and biology. Beyond his academic contributions, he has been involved in various collaborative projects and has published numerous research papers throughout his career.

Constantino Tsallis is a Brazilian physicist known for his work in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. He is best known for developing Tsallis statistics, which generalizes the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics framework. Tsallis statistics introduces a parameter \( q \) that allows for a broader range of probability distributions and has been used to describe systems with long-range interactions, non-equilibrium phenomena, and other complex systems.

Elisa Frota Pessoa appears to be a relatively obscure or lesser-known individual, as there is no widely available information about her in public databases or major sources up to October 2023.

Ennio Candotti is an Italian physicist known for his contributions to the field of physics and his work in science communication. He has been involved in various educational and research initiatives and has played a significant role in promoting science in society. Candotti has authored numerous publications and has been engaged in outreach activities aimed at making science more accessible to the public.

Jorge A. Swieca is a physicist known for his contributions to the field of theoretical and computational physics, particularly in the area of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. He has been involved in research related to various topics, including quantum field theory and the behavior of complex systems.

Marcelo Damy is known as a Brazilian politician and entrepreneur involved in various sectors, including technology and democracy initiatives. His focus has often been on leveraging technology to enhance civic engagement and improve democratic processes.

Olival Freire Jr. is a Brazilian researcher and engineer known for his work in the field of computer science and telecommunications. He has contributed to areas such as networking, software engineering, and mobile computing. His research often focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of communication systems and has been published in various academic journals and conferences.

Ricardo Galvão is a Brazilian physicist known for his work in the fields of plasma physics and fusion energy. He is recognized for his contributions to research in magnetic confinement fusion and has served in various academic and administrative roles, including as a professor and director of the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of São Paulo.

Roberto Salmeron may refer to various individuals or topics, but there isn't a widely recognized figure or concept by that name that stands out in prominent news or cultural references as of my last update in October 2023. It’s possible that he could be a professional in a particular field such as academics, arts, or sports, or he may represent a specific project, business, or organization.