Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) was a prominent British mathematician known for his significant contributions to various fields of mathematics, including algebra, matrix theory, and group theory. He is particularly recognized for his work on the theory of matrices and determinants, as well as for his formulation of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, which states that every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic polynomial.
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Portrait of Arthur Cayley
. Herbert Beraud (as credited by Commons, 1845–1896); source MacTutor portrait collection; image metadata also credits Smithsonian Libraries. Public domain (Commons life+70 / public-domain photographic reproduction). Source and usage information on the linked Wikimedia file page. Source.