A BTZ black hole, named after physicists Stefan Banados, Claudio Teitelboim, and Jorge Zanelli, is a solution to Einstein's equations of general relativity in a lower-dimensional (specifically 2+1 dimensions) spacetime with a negative cosmological constant. The BTZ black hole provides a model for a black hole that captures many of the properties of higher-dimensional black holes but is simpler due to its lower dimensionality.
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The BTZ black hole is a quotient of three-dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime. In lapse-and-shift coordinates its outer and inner horizon radii are and , and its outer-horizon surface gravity is