Cluster expansion is a mathematical and computational technique used to analyze and represent complex systems, particularly in statistical mechanics, statistical physics, and combinatorial optimization. The method involves expressing a system's properties or behavior in terms of sums over clusters, or groups of interacting components. This approach can simplify the study of many-particle systems by allowing one to break down the interactions into manageable parts.
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The cluster expansion organizes the logarithm of a dilute interacting system's canonical partition function as a sum over connected clusters built from Mayer bonds.