The year 1890 is significant in the history of computing primarily due to the work of Herman Hollerith, an American inventor and businessman. He developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards, which played a crucial role in processing and analyzing data for the 1890 U.S. Census. His system used cards with holes punched in them to represent data points, which amachine could read and process, drastically improving the efficiency of census data collection and analysis compared to previous methods.