Connexins are a family of proteins that form gap junction channels in cell membranes, allowing direct communication between neighboring cells. These channels enable the transfer of ions, small molecules, and signaling molecules, facilitating intercellular communication and coordination of various cellular processes. Each connexin protein has a specific structure, which includes four transmembrane domains, two extracellular loops, one intracellular loop, and carboxy and amino termini that are located in the cytoplasm.
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