Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) refers to the total concentration of inorganic carbon species present in water. It primarily includes carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and carbonate (CO3^2-). DIC is a crucial component of the carbon cycle and plays a significant role in regulating the acidity (pH) of natural waters, including oceans and freshwater systems.
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