Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, based on their size and charge. The fundamental principle behind electrophoresis is that charged molecules will migrate in an electric field; negatively charged molecules will move towards the positive electrode, while positively charged molecules will move towards the negative electrode.
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Electrophoresis is motion of charged dispersed species relative to a surrounding medium under an applied electric field. The drift depends on electrical driving and friction, including the surrounding ionic atmosphere. Gel electrophoresis adds a porous matrix that makes migration sensitive to molecular size and conformation.