Exponential backoff is a strategy used in network protocols and other systems to manage retries after a failure, particularly in situations where a resource is temporarily unavailable. The basic idea is to wait progressively longer intervals between successive attempts to perform an operation (such as sending a network request) after each failure, up to a predefined maximum time or retry limit.
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After failures, a transmitter increases its random retry window by a multiplicative factor, so its access behavior depends on its collision history. This reduces immediate repeated contention, but its stability and delay properties depend on the exact rule and traffic model.