The Faraday effect, also known as Faraday rotation, is a magneto-optical phenomenon that occurs when the plane of polarization of light is rotated when it passes through a material that is under the influence of a magnetic field. This effect is named after the British scientist Michael Faraday, who discovered it in 1845.
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The Faraday effect rotates the orientation of linear polarization of an electromagnetic wave during propagation through a magnetized medium. The two opposite circular polarizations accumulate different phases; their recombination rotates the linear polarization. In a sufficiently high-frequency cold plasma, this angle varies as the squared wavelength times a rotation measure.
