Franz Ernst Neumann (1798-1895) was a German mathematician and physicist known for his contributions to various fields, including geometry, mathematical physics, and crystallography. He is particularly renowned for his work on the mathematical foundations of crystallography, where he made important advancements in understanding the symmetry and structure of crystals.
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Franz Ernst Neumann developed a mathematical theory of electromagnetic induction relating the induced response to the geometry of two electrical circuits. In modern notation, their mutual inductance enters the linked flux as , and a changing linked flux produces electromotive force . Moving either circuit can change , connecting a mechanical displacement with an induced electrical response. Maxwell's account identifies this induction theory as a mathematical counterpart to Ampère's treatment of the forces between currents.[ref]
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism by James Clerk Maxwell. Volume II, Part IV, Chapter III, sections 542–543 and the historical induction discussion; modern notation
Portrait of Franz Ernst Neumann
. Carl Steffeck, 1886; Nationalgalerie Berlin, accession A I 376; faithful reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Public-domain artwork: author died more than 100 years ago; faithful reproduction treated as public domain in the United States under Commons PD-Art. Source usage terms, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.