An identity matrix is a special type of square matrix that plays a key role in linear algebra. It is defined as a matrix in which all the elements of the principal diagonal are equal to 1, and all other elements are equal to 0. In mathematical notation, an identity matrix of size \( n \times n \) is denoted as \( I_n \).
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The identity matrix has ones on its main diagonal and zeros elsewhere, and satisfies whenever the products are defined.
