The Joule–Thomson effect is a thermodynamic phenomenon observed when a gas expands or is allowed to flow through a valve or a porous plug while being insulated from heat exchange with its surroundings. This process can result in a change in temperature of the gas. When a gas expands, it typically does work on its surroundings. Depending on the specific properties of the gas and the initial conditions (such as pressure and temperature), this expansion can either cool the gas or heat it.
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