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Ladder operator

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Ladder operator by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-06-17  +Created 1970-01-01

www.physics.udel.edu/~jim/PHYS424_17F/Class%20Notes/Class_5.pdf by James MacDonald shows it well.

The operators are a natural guess on the lines of "if p and x were integers".

And then we can prove the ladder properties easily.

The commutator appear in the middle of this analysis.

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