The Morse potential is a mathematical model used to describe the interaction energy between a pair of atoms in a diatomic molecule as a function of their separation distance. It is particularly useful for modeling the behavior of molecular vibrations and is more accurate for describing the potential energy characteristics of bonded systems compared to the simpler harmonic oscillator model.
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The Morse potential models an anharmonic molecular bond with dissociation energy , equilibrium separation , and inverse length . Unlike a quantum harmonic oscillator, it has finitely many bound levels and a dissociation continuum.