Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a single component of a mixture of gases. In a mixture, each gas contributes to the total pressure based on its amount and temperature, and the partial pressure of a component is essentially the pressure that gas would exert if it occupied the entire volume of the mixture by itself at the same temperature.
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The partial pressure of a component of a gas mixture is the pressure it would exert alone at the same temperature and total volume. For an ideal mixture, and . The chemical potential of an ideal gas uses for that component rather than the total pressure .