Protein–protein interaction (PPI) refers to the physical contacts between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events and/or electrostatic forces. These interactions are crucial for almost every biological process in cells, including enzyme activity, signaling pathways, structural integrity, immune responses, and regulatory mechanisms. PPIs can be transient or stable and can occur in various forms, such as: 1. **Homomeric Interactions**: Involves interactions between identical proteins.
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A protein-protein interaction is an association between proteins through physical contact. Copurification or proximity labeling can suggest an association without establishing that the measured pair contacts directly.