Salinity is a measure of the concentration of dissolved salts in water. It is typically expressed in parts per thousand (ppt) or as a specific gravity. Salinity is an important physical property of water bodies, influencing various biological and chemical processes. In oceans and seas, salinity is primarily derived from the weathering of rocks on land, river runoff, and the evaporation of water, which leaves salts behind.
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Salinity measures dissolved salt content. A transport model must specify its units; salt mass fraction is one convenient convention. A dilute solution's ice liquidus is often approximated by . Salt-free ice has zero salinity, and the moving interface's salt balance distinguishes salt rejection during freezing from dilution during melting.