The stack effect, also known as the chimney effect, is a phenomenon that occurs in buildings due to temperature differences between the indoor and outdoor environments. It is a natural ventilation process wherein warm air rises and exits through openings in the upper parts of a building, creating a pressure difference that draws in cooler air from lower openings.
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Buoyancy-driven flow associated with differences in air density and the vertical separation of openings; heating can drive outflow above and replacement inflow below.